国家开放大学2025年春季学期期末统一考试 英语阅读(3)试题

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2025年7月

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Part I Questions 1-10 are based on Passage 1. (30 points, 3 points each)

Passage 1 Bargain Fashion

1. Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it's become a pastime. It's fun,it's challenging and the clothes, they believe, make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales, visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.

2. Some like to think of it as frugal living-a careful or thrifty way to live, a way to protect both their pocketbook and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California, there are 1500 recyele shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego, California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called "Second Hand News" with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings, shop ratings, coming events, and news of trends in reeyeling. People from all sectors of society readd "Second Hand News" to learn about what's happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops - some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need, some come to browse and see what it's all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.

3. Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization, the St. Vincent De Paul in San Diego, got its start in 198 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.

4. But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s, individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like "Michael' s" in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen's in New York, and Brother Bennie's in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the "finest quality" at low prices. "Choosing an evening gown at Michael's is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney's in New York, except it's a lot more exciting," says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. "You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there's a seamstress right there to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1-1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it's really not for you,"she explains.

5. The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call "thrifting": Designers hire them to shop for treasures, which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he's become a professional scout. "I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing, then hunt down old fabric, a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market," he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. "Some are fashion wizards, others become famous just by copying thrift items," says Ashton.

6. In London, England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing, has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s, some of which are for sale, others she rents out for use in feature films. "A number of the costumes for Out of Africa, which set off a Safari fad, came from my cllection," she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That sarme chunky look was revived in 1997, a hot item in fashion circles then. Now she says, "This pair is just waiting for the right foot.

7. The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yoursell. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street, but you can still be satisfied knowing you've done your personal look by yourself -- and on the cheap to boot.

Questions 1-10 Directions:

Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A, B, or C on your answer sheet.

1. comb (paragraph 1)

A. to tidy or straighten (esp.the hair)with the comb

B. to search a place thoroughly

C. to find and get rid of(unnecessary people or things)

答案：B

2. boast (paragraph 2)

A. to have or contain (something that is unusual or a cause of reasonable pride)

B. to talk or state with unpleasant or unreasonable pride

C. to talk nonsense

答案：A

3. stand out (paragraph 2)

A. to be firm in opposition

B. to be much better or the best

C. to be very noticeable

答案：C

4. cater to (paragraph 3)

A. to try to satisfy (desires or needs, esp. of a bad kind)

B. to provide and serve food and drinks, usually for payment

C. to provide what is needed or wanted by

答案：C

5. vintage (paragraph 4)

A. of high quality and lasting value

B. showing all the best qualities of the work of (the stated person)

C. made between 1919 and 1030

答案：A

6. craze (paragraph 5)

A. madness

B. a very popular fashion that usually only lasts for a very short time

C. wild excitement

答案：B

7. wizard (paragraph 5)

A. ([esp.in](esp.in) stories) a man who has magic powers

B. a very strange person

C. a person with unusual, almost magical, abilities

答案：C

8. copy (paragraph 5)

A. to follow (someone or something) as a standard or pattern

B. to make a copy of

C. to cheat by writing (exactly the same thing) as someone else

答案：A

9. set off (paragraph 6)

A. to begin a journey

B. to cause (sudden activity)

C. to cause to explode

答案：B

10. chunky (paragraph 6)

A. (of a person, esp. a man) having a broad chest and strong-looking body, and not very tall

B. short, thick,and solid

C. (of materials, clothes, etc. ) thick and heavy

答案：B

Part II Questions 11-20 are based on Passage 2. (30 points, 3 points each)

Passage 2 Seventy-four Years of Winter Olympie Glory

1. Chamonix, 1924: The Games were first known as the "International Winter Sports Week". It wasn't until 1925 that they were officially named the Olympice Winter Games. Norway and Finland dominated Nordic skiing, speed skating and bobsleigh. Two days before the Closing Ceremony, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was approved as the official organizing committee for the Games.

2. St. Moritz, 1928: Unseasonable warm weather created havoe with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort, while Norway continued to dominate. Sonja Henie, just 15, combined grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympie gold medals in women's figure skating. Japan sent its first delegation - six skiers and one official.

3. Lake Placid, 1932, Warm weather again hit the Games, foreing organizers to haul snow from Canada to the upstate New York town. The four man bobsleigh race had to be postponed until after the Closing Ceremony. Dog-sled racing and women's speed skating were demonstration events and Edward Eagan, a Summer Games Olympic medallist in 1920, was on the winning U. S. four-man bobsleigh team to become the first summer-winter medallist.

4. Garmischi-Partenkirchen, 1936: Blizzard conditions, and a possible boycott by the OC over Adolph Hitler's politics threatened the Games initially. European speed skaters dominated the medals standings after the Olympics returned to the continental style of racing against the clock rather than "group starts" used four years earlier.

5. St. Moritz, 1948:The Swiss resort hosted the Winter Games for the second time, favoured as a neutral venue following World War ll. Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate, while single person sled racing was held for the first time since the previous St. Moritz Games. American John Heaton repeated as single silver medallist after two decades on the sidelines.

6. Oslo,1952,The Winter Games held its first toreh relay,kindled at the home of Norwegian sking legend Sondre Norheim. Attendance at events was exceptional with the ski jump alone attracting crowds of 150,000, an Olympie attendance record for both the Summer and Winter Games. Women's cross-country ski races made their Olympie debut and American Dick Button defended his figure skating title.

7. Cortina d' Ampezzo, 1956: The Soviet Union debuted at the Winter Games, while a stadium built to hold 10, 000 spectators- in a town of about 6,000-hosted the skating and hockey events. Austrian Toni Sailor performed an Alpine skiing "hat trick," which was, taking gold in the men's downhill,giant slalom and slalom. Chiharu lgaya won the men's slalom silver, Japan's first Winter Olympic medal.

8. Squaw Valley, 1960: Through the campaigning of landowner Alexander Cushing, the mountain town in northern California edged Innsbruck in voting by the IOC. Women's speed skating becomes an official medal event, and biathlon was added to the Olympic program. East and West Germany sent a joint team, using Beethoven's Ninth Symphony as their national anthem.

9. Innsbruck, 1964: For the first time in the Winter Games, the Olympie flame was lighted at Olympia, Greece. But the warmest winter in 58 years in Innsbruck left minimal snow cover and dificult conditions at many venues. Luge made its Olympie debut, as did the microchip, which was used in judging and timing at events. India also debuted at the Winter Games.

10. Grenoble. 1968: The "snowy Games" atracted only about 70,000 spectators on the ground, but 500 million viewers watched them on television. Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in the Olympics, while Frenchmen Jean-Claude Killy handled heavy pressure from countrymen with superb style, grabbing all three Olympie Alpine sking golds on offer.

11. Sapporo, 1972: At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia, a dispute over amateur status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austrian ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid for appearing in a ski maker's advertisement. American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for women's bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the men's slalom for Spain's first gold medallist in the Winter Olympics.

12. Innsbruck, 1976: The Winter Games returned to Innsbruck after Denver, the planned host, decided to give the Games back due to fear of overdevelopment and a mushrooming budget. Austrian Franz Klammer grabbed the men's downhill gold before a home crowd while American Dorthy Hamill pirouetted to women's figure skating gold. Ice dancing became an Olympic medal event.

13. Lake Placid, 1980: The host of the 1932 Winter Games gained a unanimous vote from the IOC. American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in men 's speed skating, while Austria's Annemarie Moser Proell, after disappointment in Sapporo, snatched the women's downhill gold.

14. Sarajevo, 1984: Sapporo offered in 1978 to host the 1984 Winter Games if no other cities decided to bid, but Sarajevo came forward to welcome a record 49 countries in the first Winter Games held in Eastern Europe. Katarina Witt of East Germany won the first of two figure skating golds.

15. Calgary, 1988: Canada hosted its first Winter Olympics and the first that spanned 16 days. U. S. TV network ABC paid a record $ 309 milion for broadcasting rights and, despite Chinooks - warm, dry winds out of the Rocky Mountains - that disrupted the schedule, Italy's Alberto Tomba emerged a skiing hero with gold in the men's slalom and giant slalom. Britain's Michael Edwards "Eddie in the Eagle" captured no medals but grabbed the hearts of millions with his amateur bravado on the ski jump. Freestyle skiing, short track speed skating and curling were demonstration sports.

16. Albertville, 1992: Organized by former sking great Jean Claude Killy, the 16th Winter Games were hit by criticism over the distance between venues in the French Alps. But Japan enjoyed its best medal victories ever, winning the Nordic combined team gold and a total of seven medals - this equaled the total medals won by Japan in all previous Winter Olympics combined. Canada's Kerrin Lee-Gartner thrilled one and all with gold in the women's downhill.

17. Lillehammer, 1994: The town of 23,000 was recognized by many as having hosted the best Winter Games to date. Huge energetic crowds, good weather and smooth transportation were all widely acclaimed. Local favourite Johann Olav Koss showed why he was known as "The Boss" by winning three speed skating gold medals,all in world-record times. The media was engrossed by feuding U. S. figure skaters Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan, but Oksana Baiui from the Ukraine upstaged them both to take the women's gold.

18. Nagano, 1998: Back in Japan for a second time,this Winter Games was recognized as being high-tech and environmentally friendly. Winter snowsuits designed specifically for members of the IOC, the organizers and volunteers at the Olympics, were made famous by the fact they could be recycled into usable oil. The Olympic Vilage offered free internet use for all athletes, many setting up their own home page for ans to wish them good luck before their event, and congratulate them afterwards. The environment was also enriched - leftovers from the Olympic Village cafeteria were recycled into fertilizer. World records for both the men and women's speed skating were broken by skaters from the Netherlands and Germany, and Chinese aerial skiers made their first dazzling debut with Xu Nannan bringing home a silver for her double back somersault with a triple twist. Curling, women's hockey and snowboarding were added to the Winter Games.

Questions 11-20 Directions:

Read Passage 2 and choose either A, B or C to complete each of the following statements. Write A, B or C on your answer sheet.

11. The Games were officially named the Olympie Winter Games in

A. 1924

B. 1925

C. 1926

答案：B

12. Japan sent its first delegation

A. to St.Moritz in 1928

B. to Chamonix in 1924

C. to Lake Placid in 1932

答案：A

13. was the first summer-winter medallist.

A. John Heaton

B. Alexander Cushing

C. Edward Eagan

答案：C

14. St Moritz is a resort in

A. Switzerland

B. Soviet Union

C. Canada

答案：A

15. The Olympic attendance record for both the Summer and Winter Games was

A. 10,000

B. 70,000

C. 150,000

答案：C

16. Women's speed skating becomes an official medal event at in

A. Oslo...1952

B. Cortina d'Ampezzo...1956

C. Squaw Valley...1960

答案：C

17. The Winter Games were held twice in

A. St. Moritz and Innsbruck

B. St. Moritz and Oslo

C. Innsbruck and Calgary

答案：A

18. Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in

A. 1960

B. 1968

C. 1976

答案：B

19. Annemarie Moser- Proell is a(n)

A. Frenchman

B. Austrian woman

C. British woman

答案：B

20. Lillehammer has a population of in1994.

A. 23,000

B. 70,000

C. 100,000

答案：A

Part III Questions 21-30 are based on Passage 3. (20 points, 2 points each)

Passage 3 The Tramp and the Philosopher

1. In 1911, a penniless young music-hall artist left England for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be unhappier than his past. He had grown up in London 's East End and experienced great poverty. His mother's life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad, and his father had died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage and lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son was determined to succeed where they had failed.

2. By 1914 his optimism and determination were justified. Charles Chaplin was the most talked about man in America, the king of silent movies. He was not only admired as a first-class actor and comedian, but he was also making his name as a director. How did he reach the top of the film world in such a short time? He was not an instant success. However, he gradually began to develop the character of the tramp that we always connect with his name. He borrowed ideas from many sources, and though he "stole" most of his clothes from other slapstick comedians of the time,he developed his own special mannerisms to go with them. He used his bowler hat to signal secret messages and his walking stick allowed him to cause confusion and punish his enemy from a distance. He got the idea for his famous flat-footed walk from a London taxi driver who had sore feet.

3. Charlie, the tramp,looked very funny,but he was also lovable.Inside his tramp's clothes, the audience saw a human being who was poor, but dreamed of being rich, who was ugly but wanted to be handsome, who was lonely and desperately wanted a girlfriend. The tramp was a great romantic, but he always lost his heart to girls who for some reason had to leave him. The audience would be moved by this, but before they had time to reach for their handkerchiefs, Charlie's feet would get in the way and they would laugh instead. In his early days as a director, Chaplin produced sixty-two short silent comedy films in four years. He was able to take complete control of his work and he would use his many gifts as he wished. He was a master of the art of mime, and as an acrobat he used to perform many dangerous stunts. But his greatest gift was his sense of timing - something which he said had come to him from his mother, who had been a dancer.

4. Later on his films began to be more serious. In The Kid,which is about an orphan, Chaplin remembered his own fear and unhappiness when he was separated from his mother. Then, in 1929, the Wall Street Stock Market collapsed. Suddenly there were tramps like Charlie everywhere, and the cruel division between the rich and poor is reflected in the opening scene of City Lights. Chaplin now felt the need to comment on the fate of the world as well as on the life of his hero. At this time he made The Great Dictator which made fun of Hitler's philosophy and mannerisms. He described Hitler as "this amazing imitation of me". Extreme right-wing people in America persuaded the Americans through the press that Chaplin was too left-wing.

5. When he was on a visit to Britain the American government refused to give him a reentry visa. So in 1948 he decided to make his home in Switzerland. His marriage to the lovely Oona O'Neill was happy, and he became the proud father of eight children. Nevertheless he sill felt bitter and the films he continued to make show this. The King in New York is the story of a king living in a foreign country who is made to suffer for his beliefs. America still suspected Chaplin's political beliefs and his films were not shown there.

6. It was not until 1972 that Chaplin and Hollywood finally made up their quarrel and he was invited back to receive an apology - and the award of an Oscar. He was given a hero's welcome and was deeply moved. Then, in 1975, aged 85, he returned to London, the city of his birth. He went to Buckingham Palace to be knighted by the Queen. Charlie,the tramp, would have fallen over as he left. Sir Charles Chaplin simply wept.

Questions 21-30 Directions;

Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.

21. Charles Chaplin went to America in 1911.

答案：T

22. Charles Chaplin's parents thought they were "stars".

答案：F

23. Charles Chaplin was not only a first-class comedian but also a director.

答案：T

24. Charles Chaplin borrowed his ideas from many sources.

答案：T

25. Charles Chaplin's films became more and more serious.

答案：T

26. Right-wing people in America thought Chaplin was too left-wing.

答案：F

27. Charles Chaplin decided to make his home in Britain.

答案：F

28. Charles Chaplin had eight children.

答案：T

29. After 1948, Charles Chaplin's films were shown everywhere in America.

答案：F

30. Charles Chaplin received the award of an Oscar in 1972.

答案：T

Part IV Questions 31-35 are based on Passage 4. (20 points, 4 points each)

Passage 4 Language: Is It Always Spoken?

1. Most of us know a little about how babies learn to talk. From the time infants are born, they hear language because their parents talk to them all the time. Between the ages of seven and ten months, most infants begin to make sounds. They repeat the same sounds over and over again. For example, a baby may repeat the sound "dadada" or "bababa". This activity is called babbling. When babes babble, they are practicing their language. Soon, the sound "dadada" may become "daddy" and "bababa" may become "bottle".

2. What happens, though, to children who cannot hear? How do deaf children learn to communicate? Recently, doctors have learned that deaf babies babble with their hands. Laura Ann Petitto, a psychologist at MeGill University in Montreal, Canada, has studied how children learn language. She observed three hearing infants and two deaf infants. The three hearing infants had English-speaking parents. The two deaf infants had deaf mothers and fathers who used American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate with each other and with their babies. Dr. Petitto studied the babies three times: at 10, 12, and 14 months. During this time,children really begin to develop their language skills.

3. After watching and videotaping the children for several hundred hours. The psychologist and her assistants made many important observations. For example, they saw that the hearing children made many different, varied motions with their hands. However, there appeared to be no pattern to these motions. The deaf babies also made many different movements with their hands, but these movements were more consistent and deliberate. The deaf babies seemed to make the same hand movements over and over again. During the four-month period, the deaf babies' hand motions started to resemble some of the basic hand-shapes used in ASL. The children also seemed to prefer certain hand- shapes.

4. Hearing infants start first with simple syllable babbling (dadada), then put more syllables together to sound like real sentences and questions. Apparently, deaf babies follow this same pattern too. First, they repeat simple hand-shapes. Next, they form some simple hand signs (words) and use these movements together to resemble ASL sentences.

5. Linguists-people who study language-believe that our ability for language is innate. In other words, humans are born with the capacity for language. It does not matter if we are physically able to speak or not. Language can be expressed in many different ways - for instance, by speech or by sign. Dr. Petitto believes this theory and wants to prove it. She plans to study hearing children who have one deaf parent and one hearing parent. Dr. Petitto wants to see what happens when babies have the opportunity to learn both sign language and speech. Does the human brain prefer speech? Some of these studies of hearing babies who have one deaf parent and one hearing parent show that the babies babble equally with their hands and their voices. They also produce their first words,both spoken and signed, at about the same time.

6. The capacity for language is uniquely human. More studies in the future may prove that the sign system of the deaf is the physical equivalent of speech. If so, the old theory that only the spoken word is language will have to be changed. The whole concept of human communication will have a very new and different meaning.

Questions 31-35 Directions:

Read Passage 4 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as possible.

31. What is babbling?

答案：The activity of repeating the same sounds over and over again.

32. At what age do most infants babble?

答案：Between the ages of seven and ten months.

33. What is the full name for ASL?

答案：American Sign Language.

34. What theory does Dr. Petitto believe about language learning?

答案：Language can be expressed in many different ways-for instance,by speech or by sign.

35. Who does Dr.Petitto want to study to prove the theory?

答案：Hearing children who have one deaf parent and one hearing parent.